Mammals and Their Extinct Relatives

Common Name	Scientific Name	Group
Fossil Triconodont • dentary (holotype)	Arundelconodon hottoni^†	Basal Mammals
Fossil Therian Mammal • skull	Vincelestes neuquenianus^†	Basal Mammals
Metatherian • skull	Pucadelphys andinus^†	Basal Mammals
Metatherian • skull	Herpetotherium cf. fugax^†	Basal Mammals
Early Jurassic Mammaliaform • skull (holotype)	Hadrocodium wui^†	Basal Mammals
Late Jurassic Mammal • whole (holotype)	Fruitafossor windscheffeli^†	Basal Mammals
Fossil Cynodont • skull	Diademodon sp.^†	Basal Synapsids
Fossil Pelycosaur • skull	Dimetrodon sp.^†	Basal Synapsids
Fossil Cynodont • skull	Thrinaxodon liorhinus^†	Basal Synapsids
Fossil Eucynodont • skull	Exaeretodon frenguelli^†	Basal Synapsids
Fossil Eucynodont • skull	Probainognathus sp.^†	Basal Synapsids
Fossil Mammaliaform • skull	Morganucodon oehleri^†	Basal Synapsids
Pelycosaur • skull	Oedalops campi^†	Basal Synapsids
Fossil Eucynodont • skull (holotype)	Probelesodon sanjuanensis^†	Basal Synapsids
Fossil Eucynodont • skull (holotype)	Ecteninion lunensis^†	Basal Synapsids
Fossil Borhyaenid • braincase	Sipalocyon sp.^†	Marsupials
Gray Short-tailed Opossum • head	Monodelphis domestica	Marsupials
Koala • skull	Phascolarctos cinereus	Marsupials
Common Wombat • skull	Vombatus ursinus	Marsupials
Tasmanian Devil • skull	Sarcophilus laniarius	Marsupials
Virginia Opossum • skull	Didelphis virginiana	Marsupials
Northern quoll • skull	Dasyurus hallucatus	Marsupials
Silky Shrew Opossum • skull	Caenolestes fuliginosus	Marsupials
Western Ringtail Possum • skull	Pseudocheirus occidentalis	Marsupials
Brushtail Possum • skull	Trichosurus vulpecula	Marsupials
Northern Brown Bandicoot • skull	Isoodon macrourus	Marsupials
Swamp Wallaby • skull	Wallabia bicolor	Marsupials
Monito del Monte • skull	Dromiciops gliroides	Marsupials
Northern Common Cuscus • skull	Phalanger orientalis	Marsupials
Common Spiny Bandicoot • skull	Echymipera kalubu	Marsupials
Greater Glider • skull	Petauroides volans	Marsupials
Long-tailed Pygmy Possum • skull	Cercartetus caudatus	Marsupials
Long-nosed Potoroo • skull	Potorous tridactylus	Marsupials
Water Opossum • skull	Chironectes minimus	Marsupials
Coppery Ringtail Possum • skull	Pseudochirops cupreus	Marsupials
Striped Possum • skull	Dactylopsila trivirgata	Marsupials
Painted ringtail • skull	Pseudochirulus forbesi	Marsupials
Rock Ringtail Possum • skull	Petropseudes dahli	Marsupials
Lumholtz's Tree Kangaroo • skull	Dendrolagus lumholtzi	Marsupials
Bilby • skull	Macrotis lagotis	Marsupials
Numbat • skull	Myrmecobius fasciatus	Marsupials
Fat-tailed Dunnart • skull	Sminthopsis crassicaudata	Marsupials
Lemuroid Ringtail Possum • skull	Hemibelideus lemuroides	Marsupials
Southern Marsupial Mole • skull	Notoryctes typhlops	Marsupials
Gray Short-tailed Opossum • skull (adult)	Monodelphis domestica	Marsupials
Gray Short-tailed Opossum • skull (day 27)	Monodelphis domestica	Marsupials
Gray Short-tailed Opossum • skull (day 48)	Monodelphis domestica	Marsupials
Gray Short-tailed Opossum • skull (day 56)	Monodelphis domestica	Marsupials
Gray Short-tailed Opossum • skull (day 57)	Monodelphis domestica	Marsupials
Gray Short-tailed Opossum • skull (day 75)	Monodelphis domestica	Marsupials
Gray Short-tailed Opossum • skull (day 90)	Monodelphis domestica	Marsupials
Gray Short-tailed Opossum • whole	Monodelphis domestica	Marsupials
Fossil Platypus • left jaw	Teinolophos trusleri^†	Monotremes
Fossil Platypus • left jaw	Teinolophos trusleri^†	Monotremes
Short-nosed Echidna • mandible	Tachyglossus aculeatus	Monotremes
Fossil Platypus • right jaw	Teinolophos trusleri^†	Monotremes
Short-nosed Echidna • skull	Tachyglossus aculeatus	Monotremes
Long-nosed Echidna • skull	Zaglossus bartoni	Monotremes
Fossil Platypus • skull	Obdurodon dicksoni^†	Monotremes
Duckbill Platypus • skull (adult)	Ornithorhynchus anatinus	Monotremes
Duckbill Platypus • skull (juvenile)	Ornithorhynchus anatinus	Monotremes
Fossil Multituberculate • skull	Tombaatar sabuli^†	Multituberculates
Fossil Multituberculate • skull	Kryptobaatar dashzevegi^†	Multituberculates
Seba's Short-tailed Bat • ankle	Carollia perspicillata	Placentals
Lesser Short-nosed Fruit Bat • ankle	Cynopterus brachyotis	Placentals
Disk-winged Bat • embryo	Thyroptera tricolor	Placentals
Velvety Free-tailed Bat • embryo	Molossus molossus	Placentals
Golden Mole • forelimb	Chrysochloris sp.	Placentals
Golden Mole • head	Chrysochloris sp.	Placentals
Daubenton's Bat • head	Myotis daubentoni	Placentals
Lowland Streaked Tenrec • head	Hemicentetes semispinosus	Placentals
Saiga Antelope • head	Saiga tatarica	Placentals
Spear-nosed bat • head	Phyllostomus hastatus	Placentals
Velvety Free-tailed Bat • head	Molossus molossus	Placentals
Giant Leaf-nosed Bat • head	Hipposideros gigas	Placentals
Lesser Short-nosed Fruit Bat • head	Cynopterus brachyotis	Placentals
Moose • head	Alces alces	Placentals
Thumbless Bat • head	Furipterus horrens	Placentals
Mexican Funnel-eared bat • head	Natalus stramineus	Placentals
Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat • head	Rhinopoma hardwickei	Placentals
New Zealand Short-tailed Bat • head	Mystacina tuberculata	Placentals
Mustached Bat • head	Pteronotus parnelli	Placentals
Disk-winged Bat • head	Thyroptera tricolor	Placentals
Manado Fruit Bat • head	Rousettus (Boneia) bidens	Placentals
Mexican Free-tailed Bat • head	Tadarida brasiliensis	Placentals
Dusky (Montane) Shrew • head	Sorex monticolus	Placentals
Hedgehog • head	unknown species	Placentals
Big Brown Bat • head	Eptesicus fuscus	Placentals
Greater Sac-winged Bat • head	Saccopteryx bilineata	Placentals
Seba's Short-tailed Bat • head	Carollia perspicillata	Placentals
Greater Horseshoe Bat • head	Rhinolophus ferrumequinum	Placentals
Mauritian Tomb Bat • head	Taphozous mauritianus	Placentals
Large Slit-Faced Bat • head	Nycteris grandis	Placentals
Old World Sucker-Footed Bat • head	Myzopoda aurita	Placentals
Hog-nosed Bat • head	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Placentals
Lesser Bulldog Bat • head	Noctilio albiventris	Placentals
Oldfield Mouse • head (adult)	Peromyscus polionotus	Placentals
Oldfield Mouse • head (day 1)	Peromyscus polionotus	Placentals
House Mouse • head (heterozygous adult)	Mus musculus	Placentals
House Mouse • head (heterozygous juvenile)	Mus musculus	Placentals
House Mouse • head (homozygous adult)	Mus musculus	Placentals
House Mouse • head (homozygous juvenile)	Mus musculus	Placentals
Wild Pig • knee	Sus scrofa	Placentals
African Tree Pangolin • mandible	Manis tricuspis	Placentals
Giraffe • mandible	Giraffa camelopardalis	Placentals
Asian Elephant • mandible	Elephas maximus	Placentals
Mountain Gorilla • mandible	Gorilla gorilla	Placentals
Harbor Porpoise • mandible (juvenile)	Phocoena phocoena	Placentals
Common Chimpanzee • skull	Pan troglodytes	Placentals
White-tailed Deer • skull	Odocoileus virginianus	Placentals
Northern Elephant Seal • skull	Mirounga angustirostris	Placentals
Northern Fur Seal • skull	Callorhinus ursinus	Placentals
Grizzly Bear • skull	Ursus arctos	Placentals
Wild Pig • skull	Sus scrofa	Placentals
Lyle's Flying Fox • skull	Pteropus lylei	Placentals
Black-tailed Jackrabbit • skull	Lepus californicus	Placentals
Ferret-badger • skull	Melogale moschata	Placentals
Hog Badger • skull	Arctonyx collaris	Placentals
Three-toed Sloth • skull	Bradypus variegatus	Placentals
Giraffe • skull	Giraffa camelopardalis	Placentals
European Mole • skull	Talpa europaea	Placentals
Mountain Gorilla • skull	Gorilla gorilla	Placentals
Llama • skull	Lama glama	Placentals
African Tree Pangolin • skull	Manis tricuspis	Placentals
Short-eared Elephant Shrew • skull	Macroscelides proboscideus	Placentals
West African Manatee • skull	Trichechus senegalensis	Placentals
Two-toed Sloth • skull	Choloepus hoffmanni	Placentals
Fossil Primate • skull	Tremacebus harringtoni^†	Placentals
Gray Mouse Lemur • skull	Microcebus murinus	Placentals
Nine-banded Armadillo • skull	Dasypus novemcinctus	Placentals
Fossil Tapir • skull	Protapirus simplex^†	Placentals
Aardvark • skull	Orycteropus afer	Placentals
Asian Elephant • skull	Elephas maximus	Placentals
Asian Tapir • skull	Tapirus indicus	Placentals
Southern Flying Squirrel • skull	Glaucomys volans	Placentals
Human • skull	Homo sapiens	Placentals
Orangutan • skull	Pongo pygmaeus	Placentals
Fossil Primate • skull	Rooneyia viejaensis^†	Placentals
Polar Bear • skull	Ursus maritimus	Placentals
Rock Hyrax • skull	Procavia capensis	Placentals
Mongolian Gerbil • skull	Meriones unguiculatus	Placentals
Striped Hyena • skull	Hyaena hyaena	Placentals
Leopard Seal • skull	Hydrurga leptonyx	Placentals
Banded Linsang • skull	Prionodon linsang	Placentals
Common Brown Lemur • skull	Eulemur fulvus	Placentals
Bottlenose Dolphin • skull	Tursiops truncatus	Placentals
Fossil Horse • skull	Merychippus insignis^†	Placentals
Leopard • skull	Panthera pardus	Placentals
Eastern Fox Squirrel • skull	Sciurus niger	Placentals
South American Bush Dog • skull	Speothos venaticus	Placentals
Columbian Ground Squirrel • skull	Spermophilus columbianus	Placentals
Rock Squirrel • skull	Spermophilus variegatus	Placentals
Baird's Tapir • skull	Tapirus bairdii	Placentals
Lowland Tapir • skull	Tapirus terrestris	Placentals
House Mouse • skull	Mus musculus	Placentals
Gray Wolf • skull	Canis lupus	Placentals
Feral Domestic Cat • skull	Felis silvestris catus	Placentals
Black-tailed Prairie Dog • skull	Cynomys ludovicianus	Placentals
Brown Hyena • skull	Parahyaena brunnea	Placentals
Scimitar-toothed Cat • skull	Homotherium serum^†	Placentals
Springhare • skull	Pedetes capensis	Placentals
Great Jerboa • skull	Allactaga major	Placentals
Patagonian Mara • skull	Dolichotis patagonum	Placentals
Extinct Carnivoran • skull	Miacis cognitus^†	Placentals
Binturong • skull	Arctictis binturong	Placentals
Naked Mole-rat • skull	Heterocephalus glaber	Placentals
Common Rat • skull	Rattus norvegicus	Placentals
Guinea Pig • skull	Cavia porcellus	Placentals
Lion • skull (adult)	Panthera leo	Placentals
Walrus • skull (adult)	Odobenus rosmarus	Placentals
Harbor Porpoise • skull (adult)	Phocoena phocoena	Placentals
Squirrel Monkey • skull (adult, female)	Saimiri sciureus	Placentals
Goeldi's Monkey • skull (adult, male)	Callimico goeldii	Placentals
Slender Loris • skull (adult, male)	Loris tardigradus	Placentals
Tufted Capuchin • skull (adult, male)	Cebus apella	Placentals
Golden Lion Tamarin • skull (adult, male)	Leontopithecus rosalia	Placentals
Dusky Titi Monkey • skull (adult, male)	Callicebus moloch	Placentals
Dusky Titi Monkey • skull (adult, male)	Callicebus moloch	Placentals
Bald Uakari • skull (adult, male)	Cacajao calvus	Placentals
Bald Uakari • skull (adult, male)	Cacajao calvus	Placentals
Cotton-top Tamarin • skull (adult, male)	Saguinus oedipus	Placentals
Fossil Tapir • skull (AMNH)	Colodon cf. occidentalis^†	Placentals
Domestic Dog (Bulldog) • skull (bulldog)	Canis familiaris	Placentals
Domestic Dog (Chihuahua) • skull (chihuahua)	Canis familiaris	Placentals
Northern Raccoon • skull (female)	Procyon lotor	Placentals
Meerkat • skull (female)	Suricata suricatta	Placentals
Spotted Hyena • skull (female)	Crocuta crocuta	Placentals
Kinkajou • skull (female)	Potos flavus	Placentals
Raccoon Dog • skull (female)	Nyctereutes procyonoides	Placentals
African Palm Civet • skull (female)	Nandinia binotata	Placentals
Sea Otter • skull (female)	Enhydra lutris	Placentals
North American River Otter • skull (female)	Lontra canadensis	Placentals
Bobcat • skull (female)	Lynx rufus	Placentals
Puma • skull (female)	Puma concolor	Placentals
African Wildcat • skull (female)	Felis silvestris lybica	Placentals
Red Fox • skull (female)	Vulpes vulpes	Placentals
Ocelot • skull (female)	Leopardus pardalis	Placentals
Cheetah • skull (female)	Acinonyx jubatus	Placentals
Gray Fox • skull (female)	Urocyon cinereoargenteus	Placentals
Bat-eared Fox • skull (female)	Otocyon megalotis	Placentals
American Badger • skull (female)	Taxidea taxus	Placentals
Grizzly Bear • skull (female)	Ursus arctos	Placentals
Striped Skunk • skull (female)	Mephitis mephitis	Placentals
African Wild Dog • skull (female)	Lycaon pictus	Placentals
Long-tailed Weasel • skull (female)	Mustela frenata	Placentals
Wolverine • skull (female)	Gulo gulo	Placentals
California Sea Lion • skull (female)	Zalophus californianus	Placentals
Hammer-headed Fruit Bat • skull (female)	Hypsignathus monstrosus	Placentals
Oreodont • skull (holotype)	Bathygenys reevesi^†	Placentals
Fossil Tapir • skull (holotype)	Hesperaletes borineyi^†	Placentals
Harbor Porpoise • skull (juvenile)	Phocoena phocoena	Placentals
Walrus • skull (juvenile)	Odobenus rosmarus	Placentals
Wooly Monkey • skull (juvenile)	Lagothrix lagotricha	Placentals
Lion • skull (juvenile)	Panthera leo	Placentals
Golden Lion Tamarin • skull (juvenile, female)	Leontopithecus rosalia	Placentals
Golden Lion Tamarin • skull (juvenile, female)	Leontopithecus rosalia	Placentals
Golden Lion Tamarin • skull (juvenile, female)	Leontopithecus rosalia	Placentals
Red Howler Monkey • skull (juvenile, female)	Alouatta seniculus	Placentals
Cotton-top Tamarin • skull (juvenile, female)	Saguinus oedipus	Placentals
Owl Monkey • skull (juvenile, female)	Aotus trivirgatus	Placentals
Owl Monkey • skull (juvenile, female)	Aotus trivirgatus	Placentals
Owl Monkey • skull (juvenile, female)	Aotus trivirgatus	Placentals
Owl Monkey • skull (juvenile, female)	Aotus trivirgatus	Placentals
Black Headed Uakari • skull (juvenile, female)	Cacajao melanocephalus	Placentals
Black Headed Uakari • skull (juvenile, female)	Cacajao melanocephalus	Placentals
Wooly Monkey • skull (juvenile, female)	Lagothrix lagotricha	Placentals
Tufted Capuchin • skull (juvenile, female)	Cebus apella	Placentals
Tufted Capuchin • skull (juvenile, female)	Cebus apella	Placentals
Tufted Capuchin • skull (juvenile, female)	Cebus apella	Placentals
Tufted Capuchin • skull (juvenile, female)	Cebus apella	Placentals
Cotton-top Tamarin • skull (juvenile, female)	Saguinus oedipus	Placentals
Red Howler Monkey • skull (juvenile, male)	Alouatta seniculus	Placentals
Red Howler Monkey • skull (juvenile, male)	Alouatta seniculus	Placentals
Slender Loris • skull (juvenile, male)	Loris tardigradus	Placentals
Squirrel Monkey • skull (juvenile, male)	Saimiri sciureus	Placentals
Squirrel Monkey • skull (juvenile, male)	Saimiri sciureus	Placentals
Squirrel Monkey • skull (juvenile, male)	Saimiri sciureus	Placentals
Squirrel Monkey • skull (juvenile, male)	Saimiri sciureus	Placentals
Goeldi's Monkey • skull (juvenile, male)	Callimico goeldii	Placentals
Wooly Monkey • skull (juvenile, male)	Lagothrix lagotricha	Placentals
Wooly Monkey • skull (juvenile, male)	Lagothrix lagotricha	Placentals
Bald Uakari • skull (juvenile, male)	Cacajao calvus	Placentals
Owl Monkey • skull (juvenile, male)	Aotus trivirgatus	Placentals
Wooly Monkey • skull (juvenile, male)	Lagothrix lagotricha	Placentals
Dusky Titi Monkey • skull (juvenile, male)	Callicebus moloch	Placentals
Collared Titi Monkey • skull (juvenile, male)	Callicebus torquatus	Placentals
Cotton-top Tamarin • skull (juvenile, male)	Saguinus oedipus	Placentals
Cotton-top Tamarin • skull (juvenile, male)	Saguinus oedipus	Placentals
Red Howler Monkey • skull (juvenile, male)	Alouatta seniculus	Placentals
Red Howler Monkey • skull (juvenile, male)	Alouatta seniculus	Placentals
Golden Lion Tamarin • skull (juvenile, male)	Leontopithecus rosalia	Placentals
Dusky Titi Monkey • skull (juvenile, male)	Callicebus moloch	Placentals
Domestic Dog (Labrador Retriever) • skull (labrador retriever)	Canis familiaris	Placentals
Long-tailed Weasel • skull (male)	Mustela frenata	Placentals
Hammer-headed Fruit Bat • skull (male)	Hypsignathus monstrosus	Placentals
African Wild Dog • skull (male)	Lycaon pictus	Placentals
Wolverine • skull (male)	Gulo gulo	Placentals
Striped Skunk • skull (male)	Mephitis mephitis	Placentals
Sea Otter • skull (male)	Enhydra lutris	Placentals
Northern Raccoon • skull (male)	Procyon lotor	Placentals
Polar Bear • skull (male)	Ursus maritimus	Placentals
Clouded Leopard • skull (male)	Neofelis nebulosa	Placentals
California Sea Lion • skull (male)	Zalophus californianus	Placentals
Kinkajou • skull (male)	Potos flavus	Placentals
North American River Otter • skull (male)	Lontra canadensis	Placentals
African Palm Civet • skull (male)	Nandinia binotata	Placentals
Raccoon Dog • skull (male)	Nyctereutes procyonoides	Placentals
Bat-eared Fox • skull (male)	Otocyon megalotis	Placentals
Slender Mongoose • skull (male)	Galerella sanguinea	Placentals
Puma • skull (male)	Puma concolor	Placentals
African Wildcat • skull (male)	Felis silvestris lybica	Placentals
Ocelot • skull (male)	Leopardus pardalis	Placentals
Bobcat • skull (male)	Lynx rufus	Placentals
Gray Fox • skull (male)	Urocyon cinereoargenteus	Placentals
Red Fox • skull (male)	Vulpes vulpes	Placentals
Spotted Hyena • skull (male)	Crocuta crocuta	Placentals
Cheetah • skull (male)	Acinonyx jubatus	Placentals
Meerkat • skull (male)	Suricata suricatta	Placentals
American Black Bear • skull (male)	Ursus americanus	Placentals
Caribbean Monk Seal • skull (male)	Monachus tropicalis^†	Placentals
Brown Hyena • skull (male)	Parahyaena brunnea	Placentals
Fossil Tapir • skull (SDSM)	Colodon cf. occidentalis^†	Placentals
American Badger • skull (subadult)	Taxidea taxus	Placentals
Ethiopian wolf • skull and mandible	Canis simensis	Placentals
Pichi Armadillo • upper body	Zaedyus pichiy	Placentals
Short-eared Elephant Shrew • whole	Macroscelides proboscideus	Placentals
Pichi Armadillo • whole	Zaedyus pichiy	Placentals
Daubenton's Bat • whole	Myotis daubentoni	Placentals
Golden Mole • whole	Chrysochloris sp.	Placentals
Hedgehog • whole	unknown species	Placentals
Spear-nosed Bat • whole	Phyllostomus hastatus	Placentals
Lowland Streaked Tenrec • whole	Hemicentetes semispinosus	Placentals
Mexican Free-tailed Bat • whole	Tadarida brasiliensis	Placentals
Thumbless Bat • whole	Furipterus horrens	Placentals
Velvety Free-tailed Bat • whole	Molossus molossus	Placentals
Lesser Bulldog Bat • whole	Noctilio albiventris	Placentals
Lesser Short-nosed Fruit Bat • whole	Cynopterus brachyotis	Placentals
Giant Leaf-nosed Bat • whole	Hipposideros gigas	Placentals
Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat • whole	Rhinopoma hardwickei	Placentals
Mexican Funnel-eared bat • whole	Natalus stramineus	Placentals
Disk-winged Bat • whole	Thyroptera tricolor	Placentals
Mustached Bat • whole	Pteronotus parnelli	Placentals
New Zealand Short-tailed Bat • whole	Mystacina tuberculata	Placentals
Dusky (Montane) Shrew • whole	Sorex monticolus	Placentals
Manado Fruit Bat • whole	Rousettus (Boneia) bidens	Placentals
Greater Horseshoe Bat • whole	Rhinolophus ferrumequinum	Placentals
Hog-nosed Bat • whole	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Placentals
Old World Sucker-Footed Bat • whole	Myzopoda aurita	Placentals
Large Slit-faced Bat • whole	Nycteris grandis	Placentals
Mauritian Tomb Bat • whole	Taphozous mauritianus	Placentals
Big Brown Bat • whole	Eptesicus fuscus	Placentals
Yellow-winged Bat • whole	Lavia frons affinis	Placentals
Seba's Short-tailed Bat • whole	Carollia perspicillata	Placentals
Greater Sac-winged Bat • whole	Saccopteryx bilineata	Placentals
Oldfield Mouse • whole (adult)	Peromyscus polionotus	Placentals
Oldfield Mouse • whole (day 1)	Peromyscus polionotus	Placentals
House Mouse • whole (heterozygous adult)	Mus musculus	Placentals
House Mouse • whole (heterozygous juvenile)	Mus musculus	Placentals
House Mouse • whole (homozygous adult)	Mus musculus	Placentals
House Mouse • whole (homozygous juvenile)	Mus musculus	Placentals
Hog-nosed Bat • wrist	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Placentals
Thumbless Bat • wrist	Furipterus horrens	Placentals
Giant Leaf-nosed Bat • wrist	Hipposideros gigas	Placentals
Velvety Free-tailed Bat • wrist	Molossus molossus	Placentals
Lesser Short-nosed Fruit Bat • wrist	Cynopterus brachyotis	Placentals
Daubenton's Bat • wrist	Myotis daubentoni	Placentals
New Zealand Short-tailed Bat • wrist	Mystacina tuberculata	Placentals
Disk-winged Bat • wrist	Thyroptera tricolor	Placentals
Seba's Short-tailed Bat • wrist	Carollia perspicillata	Placentals

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